護理師進行傷口換藥時，哪些動作展現了無菌技術的正確運用？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper use of sterile technique when performing a dressing change? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeeping the sterile field above waist level✓ 正解保持無菌區域在腰部以上
- BOpening the outermost flap of the sterile kit away from the body✓ 正解將無菌包最外層摺頁向外打開
- CReaching over the sterile field to retrieve an item越過無菌區域撿拾物品
- DTouching only the outer 1-inch border of the sterile drape✓ 正解僅觸碰無菌舖單外側 1 英吋邊緣
- EKeeping gloved hands within the line of sight at all times✓ 正解戴手套的手始終保持在視線範圍內
無菌技術（Sterile technique）的目的是防止微生物進入傷口。護理師必須維持無菌場域的完整性，任何超出視線或低於腰部的物品皆被視為污染。正確操作包括：保持無菌物品在腰部以上，開啟包裝時遠離身體以避免污染內層，且僅觸碰邊緣一英吋的非無菌區。保持戴手套的手在視線內可確保操作者隨時監控有無誤觸污染源，避免交叉感染。
Proper sterile technique includes keeping the sterile field above waist level, opening the outermost flap away from the body, and touching only the outer 1-inch border of sterile drapes, which is considered contaminated. Additionally, keeping gloved hands within the line of sight prevents accidental contamination and maintains the integrity of the sterile field.
台灣與美國在無菌操作的原則上高度一致，皆嚴格遵循 CDC 的感染控制指引。唯一的差異在於部分醫院設備與包裝設計可能略有不同，但「腰部以上」、「視線內」及「邊緣一英吋污染區」的判斷標準是全球標準。