護理師照護疑似感染症病人，哪些徵象應啟動飛沫隔離措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a suspected infectious disease. Which findings should prompt the nurse to initiate droplet precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiagnosis of Influenza✓ 正解流感診斷
- BDiagnosis of Pertussis✓ 正解百日咳診斷
- CDiagnosis of Tuberculosis結核病診斷
- DDiagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis✓ 正解細菌性腦膜炎診斷
- EDiagnosis of Rubella✓ 正解德國麻疹診斷
飛沫隔離（Droplet Precautions）適用於經由咳嗽、打噴嚏或說話時產生的飛沫傳播的疾病。這些微粒通常大於 5 微米，傳播距離在 3 英尺（約 1 公尺）內。護理師需在進入病房時佩戴外科口罩（Surgical mask）。結核病（Tuberculosis）則屬於空氣傳播（Airborne），需要負壓病房與 N95 口罩，與飛沫隔離完全不同。
Droplet precautions are indicated for diseases transmitted by large respiratory droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking, such as influenza, pertussis, bacterial meningitis, and rubella. These pathogens typically travel short distances (within 3 feet) and require surgical masks for healthcare providers. In contrast, tuberculosis requires airborne precautions due to its transmission via smaller, suspended particles.
美國 CDC 針對空氣傳播（Airborne）與飛沫傳播（Droplet）的隔離規範非常嚴格，特別在於負壓病房（Negative pressure room）的使用與 N95 口罩的 Fit-testing 要求，台美在感染管制標準上高度一致，皆遵循 CDC 指引。