— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
下列哪些是病人貧血的典型徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are classic signs of anemia in a client? (Select all that apply.)
- AFatigue✓ 正解疲倦
- BPallor✓ 正解蒼白
- CTachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- DPolyuria多尿
- EDyspnea on exertion✓ 正解活動後呼吸困難
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
貧血（Anemia）的病理核心是血液攜氧能力下降，導致全身組織缺氧。臨床徵象多與組織缺氧的代償機制有關：疲勞（組織能量供給不足）、臉色蒼白（血液循環量減少或血紅素濃度降低）、心搏過速（心臟代償性增加心輸出量以維持氧氣運送）、運動時呼吸困難（肺部代償性增加氣體交換）。多尿則與貧血無直接生理關聯，通常與糖尿病或腎功能問題較相關。
Anemia reduces the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to compensatory mechanisms such as tachycardia and dyspnea on exertion to maintain tissue oxygenation. Clinical signs include fatigue due to decreased energy supply, pallor from reduced hemoglobin, and tachycardia as the heart works harder to pump oxygenated blood.