— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些是血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑（ACE Inhibitors）的潛在副作用？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? (Select all that apply.)
- ADry, persistent cough✓ 正解乾性、持續性咳嗽
- BHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀
- CAngioedema✓ 正解血管性水腫
- DHypokalemia低血鉀
- ETachycardia心跳過速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑（ACE Inhibitors）廣泛用於高血壓與心衰竭。其主要機轉為抑制 ACE 酵素，導致緩激肽（Bradykinin）在肺部累積，進而引起持續性乾咳。同時，該藥會減少醛固酮分泌，導致腎臟保留鉀離子，引發高血鉀。血管性水腫（Angioedema）則是較罕見但具致命性的過敏反應，表現為舌頭、咽喉水腫。
ACE inhibitors are widely used for hypertension and heart failure. They inhibit the ACE enzyme, causing bradykinin accumulation in the lungs and persistent dry cough. They also reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to renal potassium retention and hyperkalemia. Angioedema is a rare but life-threatening allergic reaction presenting with tongue and throat swelling.