— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位急性胰臟炎的病人，下列哪些介入措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which interventions are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status to rest the pancreas✓ 正解維持禁食狀態以使胰臟休息
- BAdminister IV fluids as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑給予靜脈輸液
- CAdminister morphine for severe pain✓ 正解給予嗎啡以緩解劇痛
- DMonitor for signs of hyperglycemia✓ 正解監測高血糖徵象
- EPlace the client in a supine position to promote comfort讓病人採仰臥位以促進舒適
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎治療重點在於禁食以減少胰液分泌，給予輸液補充體液，使用嗎啡止痛（傳統認為嗎啡會引起歐狄氏括約肌痙攣，但目前研究證據顯示對臨床預後影響不大，為常規用藥），並監測胰臟功能受損導致的血糖變化。平躺會加重疼痛，病人通常採屈膝側臥位較舒適。
Management of acute pancreatitis involves maintaining NPO status to rest the pancreas, administering IV fluids for resuscitation, and providing analgesia such as morphine for pain relief. Nurses must also monitor for hyperglycemia due to potential damage to insulin-producing cells, while positioning the client in a side-lying, knee-chest position to alleviate pain rather than keeping them supine.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫囑常含護理師依疼痛評分給予止痛藥；台灣醫師通常給予固定的止痛藥給藥時程與劑量。