— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 55 歲高血壓病史病患因急性心肌梗塞入院。護理師觀察到皮膚濕冷，心率每分鐘 115 次。哪種生理機制主要導致這些表徵？
A 55-year-old client with a history of hypertension is admitted with an acute myocardial infarction. The nurse notes cold, clammy skin and a heart rate of 115 bpm. Which physiological mechanism is primarily responsible for these findings?
- APeripheral vasodilation due to cardiac output decrease因心輸出量減少所致的外周血管擴張
- BActivation of the parasympathetic nervous system副交感神經系統的活化
- CRelease of atrial natriuretic peptide心房利鈉肽的釋放
- DSympathetic nervous system compensatory response✓ 正解交感神經系統的代償反應
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性心肌梗塞後，心輸出量（Cardiac output）驟減，身體啟動交感神經系統（Sympathetic nervous system）進行代償。釋放的腎上腺素與正腎上腺素會導致心跳加速（Tachycardia）以維持心輸出量，並引起周邊血管收縮（Vasoconstriction），將血液集中供應重要臟器，導致皮膚血管收縮而呈現濕冷。
Following an acute myocardial infarction, decreased cardiac output triggers a compensatory sympathetic nervous system response. This activation releases catecholamines that cause tachycardia to maintain perfusion and peripheral vasoconstriction to shunt blood to vital organs, resulting in cold, clammy skin.