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健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ

社區健康護理師正計劃一項針對青少年健康的初級預防(Primary Prevention)方案。下列哪個主題最適合此層級的預防?

A community health nurse is planning a primary prevention program for adolescent health. Which topic is most appropriate for this level of prevention?

  • ATesting for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
    進行性傳染病(STIs)篩檢
  • BEducating students on the long-term effects of smoking✓ 正解
    對學生進行吸菸長期影響的教育
  • CProviding counseling for pregnant teenagers
    為懷孕青少年提供諮商
  • DReferring adolescents to drug rehabilitation centers
    轉介青少年至戒毒中心
Explanation · 中文詳解

初級預防(Primary Prevention)的核心在於「預防疾病發生」,透過健康促進與保護性措施來降低危險因子。正確答案 B 是教育青少年吸菸的危害,旨在防止其開始吸菸,完全符合初級預防的定義。選項 A(STI 篩檢)屬於二級預防(Secondary Prevention),目的是早期發現、早期治療。選項 C(懷孕諮詢)與選項 D(戒毒轉介)則屬於三級預防(Tertiary Prevention),因為問題已經發生,目標是減少後遺症、進行復健或防止惡化。臨床思路上,護理師應區分預防的層級:一級是衛教與疫苗、二級是篩檢、三級是治療與復健。在青少年群體中,初級預防最具成本效益,能建立長期健康的行為模式。

Primary prevention aims to prevent disease onset through health promotion and risk reduction, such as educating adolescents about the long-term effects of smoking. In contrast, screening for STIs represents secondary prevention, while counseling for existing pregnancies or rehabilitation refers to tertiary prevention.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國學校護理師在推動初級預防時,常涵蓋更廣泛的心理健康與社交情緒學習(SEL);台灣則較多側重於視力保健、口腔衛生與特定傳染病預防衛教。

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