護理師準備給藥，哪些行動能確保給藥安全？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which action ensures proper medication administration safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerifying the client's identity using two patient identifiers✓ 正解使用兩項病人識別資訊確認病人身分
- BChecking the medication label against the MAR three times✓ 正解將藥物標籤與 MAR（藥物處方紀錄）核對三次
- CAdministering a medication that was prepared by another nurse給予由其他護理師準備的藥物
- DReviewing the client's allergies before administration✓ 正解給藥前審查病人的過敏史
- EClarifying any unclear medication orders with the provider✓ 正解向醫師釐清任何不清楚的藥物醫囑
給藥安全（Medication safety）是 NCLEX 的測試重點，核心在於「五大權利」（Right patient, drug, dose, route, time）。使用兩項病人識別碼能確保病人正確；核對 MAR（給藥記錄單）三次可防止藥物錯誤；確認過敏史是安全給藥的底線；釐清醫囑則能預防處方錯誤。絕不可執行非親手準備的藥物，這涉及護理責任歸屬。
Medication safety relies on strict adherence to the five rights of medication administration to prevent errors. Nurses must verify patient identity with two identifiers, check the medication label against the MAR three times, review allergy history, and clarify any unclear orders. Administering medication prepared by another nurse is unsafe and violates professional responsibility.
美國醫院臨床中，給藥錯誤的「零容忍」政策極為嚴格。護理師在給藥時必須親自確認 MAR，且若發現醫囑不清楚，必須直接聯繫處方醫師（Provider），這種對護理師獨立判斷與質疑醫囑（Questioning orders）的鼓勵與要求，在美國臨床體系中尤為強調。