— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師衛教家長關於兒童預防接種時程。關於 MMR 疫苗,下列何者正確?
A nurse is teaching a parent about the schedule for childhood immunizations. Which is true regarding the MMR vaccine?
- AIt is typically given at 12-15 months of age✓ 正解通常在12-15個月大時接種
- BIt prevents hepatitis B預防B型肝炎
- CIt is a single-dose vaccine是單一劑量疫苗
- DIt can be given as early as 2 months of age最早可在2個月大時接種
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
MMR 疫苗(麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹)屬於活性減毒疫苗(Live attenuated vaccine)。根據美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)的常規兒童免疫接種時程,第一劑建議於 12 至 15 個月大時施打,第二劑則通常在 4 至 6 歲進行。早期接種若於 12 個月前進行,嬰兒體內殘存的母體抗體(Maternal antibodies)可能會中和疫苗病毒,導致免疫反應不足。
The first dose of the MMR vaccine is recommended at 12 to 15 months of age to ensure adequate immune response. Maternal antibodies present in infants younger than 12 months can interfere with the vaccine's effectiveness. The second dose is typically administered between 4 and 6 years of age.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國在 MMR 接種時程上略有不同。台灣常規時程為 12 個月接種第一劑,滿 5 歲至入國小前接種第二劑;美國則建議 12-15 個月第一劑,4-6 歲第二劑。護理師須熟悉兩地時程差異。