— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師向實習生說明護理法律概念。下列哪些行為構成疏失（Negligence）或醫療過失（Malpractice）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a student nurse about the legal concepts of nursing. Which actions constitute negligence or malpractice? (Select all that apply.)
- AFailure to document a patient's fall✓ 正解未記錄病人的跌倒事件。
- BAdministering the wrong medication after failing to verify the order✓ 正解未核對醫囑即給予錯誤藥物。
- CDelegating a task to a UAP that requires professional assessment✓ 正解將需要專業評估的工作授權給未註冊輔助人員 (UAP)。
- DDiscussing a patient's diagnosis with their spouse, who is the legal guardian與身為法定監護人的配偶討論病人的診斷。
- EDocumenting a patient's refusal of care in the chart在病歷中記錄病人拒絕醫療。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
醫療過失通常包含：未盡到注意義務、違法授權與記錄疏漏。未記錄跌倒屬於隱瞞事實；給藥未核對導致錯誤屬於嚴重過失；越權授權給 UAP 屬於違反護理指導原則。與法定監護人溝通病情屬合法行為；記錄病人拒絕照護則為護理專業職責的展現，不構成過失。
Negligence or malpractice includes failing to document incidents like falls, administering medication without verifying orders, and delegating tasks requiring professional assessment to unlicensed personnel. Conversely, discussing diagnoses with a legal guardian and documenting patient refusal are standard, lawful nursing practices.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 malpractice 訴訟頻繁，護理人員對法律邊界感極強；台灣則較偏向醫療糾紛調解與審判流程。