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照護管理 · EASY · MCQ

社區健康護理師評估了一場因市鎮水庫受到嚴重污染而引發的急性腸胃炎大爆發。下列哪項明確行動不容置疑地構成了一種典範的「初段預防 (Primary prevention)」策略?

A community health nurse evaluates a massive outbreak of acute gastroenteritis traced precisely to a heavily contaminated municipal water reservoir. Which explicit action undeniably constitutes an exemplary primary prevention strategy effectively neutralizing the core community threat?

  • ARunning extensive, rapid diagnostic stool culture screenings continuously effectively on every single town resident systematically.
    系統性地對每位鎮上居民持續進行廣泛且快速的糞便培養篩檢。
  • BDisseminating a unified fierce public alert mandating all residents strictly solidly boil their tap water heavily before consumption.✓ 正解
    發布統一且嚴格的公眾警報,強制所有居民在飲用前務必徹底煮沸自來水。
  • CDistributing immense quantities of oral rehydration salt packets efficiently directly to already acutely infected symptomatic families.
    直接向已急性感染且有症狀的家庭分發大量口服補鹽包。
  • DCoordinating complex long-term physical rehabilitation flawlessly for the elderly clients severely disabled by the extreme dehydration.
    為因嚴重脫水而重度殘疾的老年病人協調複雜的長期身體復健。
Explanation · 中文詳解

本題測驗社區衛生的三段防禦階層 (Levels of Prevention)。『初段預防 (Primary prevention)』的唯一金圭臬是:「疾病還沒發生!目的是阻止健康的人被感染或受傷」。面對被污染的水源,對尚未喝水的居民強制發布『全面煮沸自來水 (Boil water mandate)』的警報,直接從源頭阻斷了病原體進入人體,這是最純粹完美的初段預防(選項 B 正確)。選項 A 的「擴大普查/篩檢 (Screening)」永遠屬於『次段預防 (Secondary prevention)』,目的是在無症狀階段早期發現。選項 C (給予口服電解質液) 與選項 D (長期復健) 都是針對已經發病的人進行的治療與功能恢復,皆屬於『第三段預防 (Tertiary prevention)』。

Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs by protecting healthy individuals from exposure. Mandating that residents boil tap water directly neutralizes the contamination threat at the source, preventing ingestion of the pathogen. In contrast, screening represents secondary prevention, while treatment and rehabilitation are tertiary prevention strategies.

✦ 台美臨床差異

台灣與美國護理國考必考概念:Primary (教育/打疫苗/源頭阻斷), Secondary (早篩/普查), Tertiary (吃藥/復健)。篩檢絕對是二段。

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