護理師在常規檢查中評估一名 12 個月大的嬰兒。護理師應預期該嬰兒已達到哪些發展里程碑？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old infant during a routine check-up. Which developmental milestone should the nurse expect the infant to have achieved? (Select all that apply.)
- AWalking while holding onto furniture (cruising)✓ 正解扶著家具行走（學步）
- BUsing a neat pincer grasp to pick up small objects✓ 正解使用精確的指捏抓握小物件
- CSpeaking 10 or more meaningful words說 10 個或更多有意義的字詞
- DFollowing simple one-step directions with gestures✓ 正解配合手勢遵循簡單的單一步驟指示
- EBuilding a tower of six blocks疊六塊積木
12 個月大的發展評估需涵蓋粗動作、細動作、語言及社交。正確答案為 A、B、D。核心概念：12 個月是從嬰兒轉變為幼兒的關鍵期。A（扶走）是此階段典型的粗動作；B（精確指捏）是細動作成熟的標誌，能撿起小饅頭或細繩；D（配合手勢聽從指令，如：把球給我）反映了語言理解力的發展。選項 C 錯誤，12 個月大通常只能說 1-3 個有意義的詞（如：媽媽、爸爸），要到 18-24 個月才能達到 10 詞以上。選項 E 錯誤，疊 6 個積木是 2 歲（24 個月）的發展指標。臨床上，發展遲緩的早期辨識是健康促進的重點，護理師需精確掌握各月齡指標以利轉介。
By 12 months, infants typically achieve gross motor milestones such as cruising (walking while holding furniture) and fine motor skills like a neat pincer grasp. They also begin to understand simple one-step directions, especially when accompanied by gestures, whereas speaking ten words or building a six-block tower are later developmental achievements.
美國使用 ASQ-3 (Ages & Stages Questionnaires) 作為標準化篩檢工具；台灣則普遍使用國健署核發的「兒童健康手冊」內的發展檢核表，由家長觀察並由醫師在健檢時確認。