— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人在急診室主訴恐慌發作，護理師預期會觀察到哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A client in the emergency department reports a panic attack. Which symptoms would the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
- APalpitations✓ 正解心悸
- BSense of impending doom✓ 正解大難臨頭的感覺
- CDyspnea✓ 正解呼吸困難
- DIncreased blood pressure✓ 正解血壓升高
- EHypoventilation換氣不足
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作涉及交感神經系統的過度激活。常見生理反應包括心悸（A）、呼吸困難（C）及血壓升高（D），心理上則會伴隨對死亡或災難降臨的恐懼感（B）。E 選項錯誤，恐慌發作時通常會過度換氣（Hyperventilation），而非換氣不足。
Panic attacks involve excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to palpitations, dyspnea, and increased blood pressure due to epinephrine release. Psychologically, clients often experience an intense sense of impending doom or fear of dying. Hypoventilation is incorrect, as panic attacks are typically associated with hyperventilation rather than decreased respiratory effort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地對恐慌症的急性照護流程相似，皆須先排除心血管疾病（如心肌梗塞）的可能性。