— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人因懷疑活動性結核病（TB）入院，護理師應立即執行哪種隔離預防措施？
A client is being admitted with a diagnosis of suspected active tuberculosis (TB). Which type of isolation precaution should the nurse initiate immediately?
- AAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣隔離措施
- BDroplet precautions飛沫隔離措施
- CContact precautions接觸隔離措施
- DStandard precautions only僅實施標準隔離措施
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
結核分枝桿菌透過空氣微粒傳播，病人需安置在負壓隔離病房，並使用 N95 口罩。接觸性傳播是指經由皮膚或環境接觸，飛沫傳播多為較大顆粒，結核菌屬於較小顆粒的飛沫核（Droplet nuclei），因此標準與隔離等級要求較嚴格。
Active tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei, necessitating immediate initiation of airborne precautions, including placement in a negative-pressure room and use of N95 respirators. Standard, contact, or droplet precautions are insufficient for preventing the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆遵循 CDC 指導原則，但台灣對 TB 病人強制執行嚴格的空氣過濾環境要求。