— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為高血壓客戶規劃出院衛教，應強調哪些飲食調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a client with hypertension. Which dietary modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of potassium-rich foods✓ 正解增加富含鉀的食物攝取
- BLimit sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day✓ 正解將鈉攝取量限制在每天 2,300 mg 以下
- CConsume at least 3 servings of whole grains daily✓ 正解每天至少攝取 3 份全穀類
- DEliminate all forms of protein from the diet從飲食中消除所有形式的蛋白質
- ELimit saturated fat intake to reduce cardiovascular risk✓ 正解限制飽和脂肪攝取以降低心血管風險
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
控制血壓的核心在於 DASH 飲食法：限制鈉攝取（2300mg/day 以下）、增加鉀攝取（協助排出多餘鈉離子）、全穀類補充纖維，並降低飽和脂肪。蛋白質是人體必需營養素，不應排除，重點在於選擇優質蛋白質。此方案有助於血管彈性維持與血壓穩定。
The DASH diet for hypertension emphasizes limiting sodium to under 2,300 mg daily, increasing potassium-rich foods to help excrete sodium, consuming whole grains for fiber, and reducing saturated fats to lower cardiovascular risk. Protein should not be eliminated but selected as lean, high-quality sources to support overall health.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國推廣 DASH 飲食極為普遍，台灣則常將低鈉飲食簡化為少鹽，但在全穀與鉀攝取的衛教上，台灣營養師介入較多。