— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 55 歲高血壓病史病患主訴突發性「壓迫感」胸痛並輻射至左手臂。護理師首要採取哪項行動?
A 55-year-old client with a history of hypertension reports a sudden onset of 'crushing' chest pain radiating to the left arm. Which nursing action is the priority?
- AObtain a complete history of the pain取得完整的疼痛病史
- BObtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)✓ 正解取得十二導程心電圖 (ECG)
- CAssess blood pressure and heart rate評估血壓與心跳
- DAdminister sublingual nitroglycerin給予舌下硝酸甘油
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
當病人出現疑似急性心肌梗塞(MI)的症狀(壓迫感胸痛、放射痛),時間就是心肌(Time is muscle)。12 導程心電圖(12-lead ECG)必須在第一時間(通常要求 10 分鐘內)完成,以確認是否有 ST 段上升(STEMI),這決定了後續是否需要緊急心導管介入治療。其他行動雖重要,但診斷是首要。
Immediate acquisition of a 12-lead ECG is critical to diagnose ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and guide urgent reperfusion therapy. While vital signs and nitroglycerin are important, confirming the diagnosis takes priority to minimize myocardial damage.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院有嚴格的 Door-to-ECG time 目標(通常為 10 分鐘內)。護理師在接獲病人主訴胸痛時,必須立即啟動 Chest Pain Protocol,直接執行心電圖檢查。