哪項檢驗結果是病人營養不良的關鍵指標？

白蛋白（Albumin）在肝臟合成，是血漿中含量最高的蛋白質，半衰期約為 20 天，因此它是評估長期營養狀態的良好指標。營養不良（Malnutrition）時，體內蛋白質合成減少，導致血中白蛋白濃度降低，進而影響膠體滲透壓，常造成周邊水腫。雖然發炎反應、肝腎疾病也會影響白蛋白數值，但它是 NCLEX 考試中判定營養缺乏的核心生化指標。

Low serum albumin is a key laboratory indicator of malnutrition because albumin reflects long-term protein stores due to its long half-life. Decreased albumin levels result from inadequate protein intake or synthesis, which can also lead to edema due to reduced oncotic pressure. Other options such as high white blood cell count or blood glucose are indicative of infection or metabolic issues rather than nutritional status.