— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
下列哪項措施最能預防術後病人肺塌陷（Atelectasis）？
Which intervention is most appropriate to prevent atelectasis in a post-operative client?
- AAdministering IV analgesics給予靜脈止痛藥
- BMaintaining NPO status for 24 hours維持禁食（NPO）狀態24小時
- CRestricting fluid intake限制液體攝取
- DEncouraging early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺塌陷（Atelectasis）是術後常見的呼吸系統併發症，主因是肺泡擴張不全或呼吸淺快導致分泌物滯留。預防的核心在於促進肺部擴張（Lung expansion）與痰液排除。早期下床活動（Early ambulation）能有效增加潮氣容積（Tidal volume），並利用重力作用提升呼吸肌效率，是最具實證支持的預防措施。
Encouraging early ambulation is the most effective intervention to prevent atelectasis because it promotes lung expansion and facilitates the clearance of secretions. Restricting fluids or maintaining NPO status does not aid respiratory function, and while analgesics help, they do not directly expand the lungs.