— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
糖尿病病患若出現代謝性酸中毒,護理師應警覺哪些發現?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings should alert the nurse to potential metabolic acidosis in a client with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
- ADeep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul breathing)✓ 正解深而快的呼吸(庫斯莫爾氏呼吸)
- BFruity-smelling breath✓ 正解果味口臭
- CSerum pH 7.25✓ 正解血清pH 7.25
- DSerum bicarbonate 30 mEq/L血清碳酸氫鹽 30 mEq/L
- ESerum potassium 5.8 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鉀 5.8 mEq/L
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
代謝性酸中毒(如 DKA)會透過 Kussmaul 呼吸代償以排出 CO2。酮體堆積會導致果香氣味。pH 低於 7.35 為酸中毒。血中碳酸氫根(HCO3)會下降,選項 D 為鹼中毒指標,故錯誤。酸中毒時,氫離子進入細胞,鉀離子移出,易導致高血鉀。
Metabolic acidosis, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis, triggers respiratory compensation via Kussmaul respirations to expel carbon dioxide. The accumulation of ketones produces a characteristic fruity breath odor, and a serum pH below 7.35 confirms acidemia. Additionally, acidosis causes hydrogen ions to enter cells while potassium moves out, often resulting in hyperkalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地對於 DKA 的處理流程高度一致,皆遵循國際指引(ADA 準則)。