— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
一位護理師正在接收入院一位診斷為急性腎損傷（AKI）的病人。哪項實驗室數值需要立即關注？
A nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory value requires immediate attention?
- ASerum potassium 6.5 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鉀 6.5 mEq/L
- BHemoglobin 11.0 g/dL血紅素 11.0 g/dL
- CSerum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL血清肌酸酐 1.8 mg/dL
- DBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) 60 mg/dL血液尿素氮 (BUN) 60 mg/dL
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
在急性腎損傷（AKI）病人中，電解質失衡是常見的致命併發症。其中，高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）最為危險。血鉀 6.5 mEq/L 屬於嚴重的電解質異常，極易誘發致命性的心律不整（如室性心搏過速或心室顫動），進而導致心跳停止。相較於 BUN 或肌酸酐（Creatinine）的升高，高血鉀對心臟的直接威脅是護理師需立即優先關注並處理的項目。
Hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L is a life-threatening emergency because it significantly increases the risk of fatal cardiac dysrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. While elevated BUN and creatinine indicate renal dysfunction, they are not as immediately dangerous to cardiac stability as severe hyperkalemia.