一位肺栓塞病人正在接受連續性靜脈肝素(Heparin)點滴。護理師應監測哪項檢驗值以調整劑量?
A client is receiving a continuous intravenous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor to adjust the dosage?
- AInternational Normalized Ratio (INR)國際標準化比值 (INR)
- BProthrombin time (PT)凝血酶原時間 (PT)
- CPlatelet count血小板計數
- DActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)✓ 正解活化部分凝血活酶時間 (aPTT)
連續性靜脈肝素(Unfractionated Heparin)的治療濃度監測標準是 aPTT。治療目標通常是正常基準值的 1.5 到 2.5 倍。護理師需根據 aPTT 的檢驗結果,依照醫囑的滴定協議(Titration Protocol)來調升或調降點滴流速。PT 與 INR(B、A)是用於監測口服抗凝血藥 Warfarin 的指標,而非 Heparin。雖然血小板計數(C)對於監測 Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) 很重要,但它不是用來「調整劑量」的指標。確保 aPTT 在治療區間內是預防血栓擴大與避免過度出血的關鍵臨床步驟。
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is the standard laboratory value used to monitor and adjust the dosage of continuous intravenous heparin infusions. The therapeutic goal is typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal control value to ensure effective anticoagulation without excessive bleeding risk. While platelet counts are monitored for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, they are not used to titrate the heparin dose.
美國 NCLEX 非常強調根據 aPTT 協議(Protocol)由護理師獨立調整流速;台灣臨床則多由護理師回報數值後,由醫師下達具體的流速醫囑,雖然部分醫院已引入類似 Protocol,但自主權相對較小。