— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin），下列哪些症狀屬於紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which findings should the nurse identify as evidence of Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部與頸部潮紅
- CWheezing and throat tightness喘鳴與喉嚨緊縮感
- DPruritus✓ 正解皮膚搔癢
- EErythematous rash on the upper body✓ 正解上半身出現紅斑性皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放的副作用。臨床表現為臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅、瘙癢及紅疹，嚴重時可伴隨低血壓。此症狀並非過敏反應。C選項的喘鳴與喉嚨緊縮為真正的過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）症狀，兩者需區別。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid histamine release during vancomycin infusion, presenting with flushing of the face and neck, pruritus, erythematous rash on the upper body, and potentially hypotension. These symptoms distinguish it from true anaphylaxis, which would involve wheezing and throat tightness.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院常規會設定輸注時間至少 60-90 分鐘以預防此反應，美國亦然，但護理師應具備自主判斷調整速率的權限。