護理師準備為病人給予 Warfarin,給藥前應先查看哪項實驗室檢驗值?
A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of warfarin to a client. Which laboratory value should the nurse review before administration?
- APlatelet count血小板計數
- BPartial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)部分凝血活酶時間 (PTT)
- CHemoglobin level血紅素濃度
- DInternational Normalized Ratio (INR)✓ 正解國際標準化比值 (INR)
Warfarin(華法林)是一種口服抗凝血劑,主要用於預防和治療血栓栓塞性疾病,如深部靜脈血栓、肺栓塞、心房顫動引起的血栓等。Warfarin的作用機制是抑制維生素K依賴性凝血因子(凝血因子II、VII、IX、X)的合成。由於其治療窗狹窄,劑量過低可能無法達到治療效果,劑量過高則會增加出血風險,因此必須嚴格監測其抗凝血效果。 護理師在給藥前查看相關實驗室檢驗值,是確保病人用藥安全、達到最佳療效並避免嚴重副作用的關鍵步驟。
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, requiring strict monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic window. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard laboratory value used to assess warfarin efficacy and safety to prevent bleeding or thrombosis. Other options like PTT monitor heparin, while platelet counts and hemoglobin do not directly measure anticoagulant intensity.
在美國和台灣的臨床實務中,INR是監測Warfarin抗凝血效果的標準化指標。護理師在兩地都會在給藥前查閱最新的INR值,並根據醫囑或院內政策決定是否給藥或調整劑量。這是一個全球通用的藥物安全管理原則。