病人因醫院噪音導致失眠，護理師應採取哪些措施促進睡眠？（選所有適合的）
A client is experiencing insomnia related to hospital noise. Which interventions should the nurse implement to promote better sleep? (Select all that apply.)
- ACluster nursing care to provide longer periods of uninterrupted sleep✓ 正解集中安排護理工作以提供較長的不受干擾睡眠時間
- BKeep the light on in the room so the nurse can see the client保持房間燈光亮起以便護理師觀察病人
- CEncourage the client to drink hot tea with caffeine before bed鼓勵病人在睡前喝含咖啡因的熱茶
- DOffer a back massage or relaxation techniques✓ 正解提供背部按摩或放鬆技巧
- ELimit visitors during evening hours✓ 正解限制傍晚時段的探視
促進睡眠的策略應以降低干擾與放鬆身心為主。集中護理（Cluster care）能減少中斷；按摩與放鬆技巧能緩解壓力；限制訪客能減少環境刺激。開燈和含咖啡因飲料會嚴重干擾睡眠結構，應完全避免，以維護晝夜節律正常運作。
To promote sleep in a noisy hospital environment, nurses should cluster care activities to provide longer periods of uninterrupted rest. Implementing relaxation techniques, such as back massages, helps reduce anxiety and facilitates sleep onset. Additionally, limiting visitors during evening hours decreases environmental stimuli and noise, supporting the client's circadian rhythm. Interventions like keeping lights on or offering caffeinated drinks should be avoided as they disrupt sleep patterns.
台灣病房常有多人房，護理師更需主動調整環境噪音；美國多為單人房，限制訪客政策較為嚴格且落實。