— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師向 50 歲女性說明乳癌篩檢指南，下列何者符合現行建議？
A nurse is educating a 50-year-old female client about breast cancer screening guidelines. Which information is accurate based on current recommendations?
- AGenetic testing should be performed for every woman at age 50應對每位50歲女性進行基因檢測
- BBreast self-exams are the primary tool for reducing breast cancer mortality乳房自我檢查是降低乳癌死亡率的主要工具
- CMammograms are typically recommended every 1-2 years for this age group✓ 正解此年齡層通常建議每1-2年進行一次乳房攝影檢查
- DAnnual clinical breast exams are required for all women after age 4040歲以上所有女性均需每年接受臨床乳房檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
現行指引（如 ACS）建議 50 歲以上女性應定期進行乳房攝影（Mammography）。臨床乳房檢查（CBE）與自我乳房檢查（BSE）雖具衛教意義，但統計證據顯示並未顯著降低乳癌死亡率。基因檢測僅針對有家族史或高風險群，非全民普篩。
Current guidelines recommend regular mammography every 1-2 years for average-risk women aged 50 and older as the gold standard for early detection. While breast self-exams and clinical breast exams promote awareness, they do not significantly reduce mortality compared to mammography. Genetic testing is reserved for individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣針對 45-69 歲女性提供每兩年一次免費乳房攝影；美國則多由保險與醫師根據個人風險共同決策。