正在使用毛地黃(digoxin)的病人出現哪些跡象提示可能有毒性反應?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings indicate toxicity in a client receiving digoxin? (Select all that apply.)
- AYellow-green halos in the visual field✓ 正解視野中出現黃綠色光暈
- BNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- CIncreased appetite食慾增加
- DBradycardia and arrhythmias✓ 正解心搏過緩與心律不整
- EConfusion and lethargy✓ 正解混亂和嗜睡
毛地黃(Digoxin)具有窄治療指數(Narrow Therapeutic Index),極易產生毒性。其機轉為抑制心肌細胞膜上的鈉鉀幫浦(Na+/K+-ATPase),增加細胞內鈣離子濃度以增強心肌收縮力。毒性徵兆通常分為腸胃道、神經系統與視覺障礙,以及嚴重的心臟傳導異常。臨床護理師需特別注意,低鉀血症(Hypokalemia)會增強毛地黃與受體的結合,顯著增加中毒風險,因此監測電解質與心律至關重要。
Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, making toxicity a significant risk, with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting often being the earliest signs. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos and cardiac issues like bradycardia or arrhythmias are also classic indicators, while neurological changes such as confusion may occur, particularly in elderly patients.
在美國臨床,Digoxin 毒性監測非常依賴血清濃度測定(Therapeutic range: 0.5-2.0 ng/mL),且護理師在給藥前必須執行「一分鐘心跳測量」,若成人心跳低於 60 bpm 應暫停給藥,這在台灣臨床亦為常規,但美國護理評估更強調對電解質(尤其是鉀離子)的預防性評估。