— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
在雙相情緒障礙症的躁狂期，下列哪些是治療性環境的必要組成？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are essential components of a therapeutic environment for a client with bipolar disorder during the manic phase? (Select all that apply.)
- AHigh-stimulation environment to keep the client occupied提供高刺激環境以佔據病人時間
- BLow-stimulation environment to minimize distractibility✓ 正解提供低刺激環境以減少分心
- CSimple and routine activities to provide structure✓ 正解安排簡單且規律的活動以提供結構
- DFrequent opportunities for intense competitive games提供頻繁參與激烈競賽遊戲的機會
- EConsistent limits on inappropriate behavior✓ 正解對不當行為設定一致的限制
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁期病人感官過敏且易分心，治療性環境應減少外部刺激（低刺激）。透過簡單、結構化的活動能減緩衝動與過度興奮。對於不當行為（如侵入性發言）必須設立明確且一致的界限，以保護病人與他人。高刺激與競爭性遊戲會加劇其躁動，均需避免。
A therapeutic environment for a client in the manic phase should feature low stimulation to minimize distractibility and structured, simple routines to reduce impulsivity. Consistent limits on inappropriate behavior are essential for safety, whereas high-stimulation settings and competitive games can exacerbate manic symptoms.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地精神科環境原則相同；台灣病房空間較擁擠，護理師需更主動控制環境以維持秩序。