— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人正在接受靜脈輸注短效胰島素。護理師應監測哪種電解質不平衡？
A client with type 1 diabetes is receiving regular insulin via an IV infusion. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for?
- AHypomagnesemia低鎂血症
- BHypokalemia✓ 正解低鉀血症
- CHypercalcemia高鈣血症
- DHypernatremia高鈉血症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素能促進細胞對葡萄糖的攝取，同時將鉀離子從細胞外液移動至細胞內液。持續的胰島素輸注會導致血清鉀濃度下降。即便病人的起始鉀數值正常，在輸注胰島素期間，仍需密切關注低血鉀帶來的神經肌肉與心臟傳導問題。
Insulin facilitates the movement of potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells, which can lead to hypokalemia during continuous IV infusion. The nurse must closely monitor for signs of low serum potassium, such as cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness, even if initial levels are normal. Other electrolytes like magnesium, calcium, and sodium are not primarily affected by insulin therapy in this manner.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆依循相同病理機轉；監測低血鉀在重症照護中均為常規護理標準。