— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人正在接受血管加壓劑的連續輸注。護理師應監測 IV 點滴部位是否有什麼跡象？
A client is receiving a continuous infusion of a vasopressor. The nurse should monitor the IV site for signs of:
- AAir embolism空氣栓塞
- BPhlebitis靜脈炎
- CExtravasation✓ 正解藥物滲漏
- DInfiltration浸潤
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
血管加壓劑（Vasopressors）如去甲腎上腺素（Norepinephrine）具有強大的血管收縮效應。若發生滲漏（Extravasation），藥物進入周邊皮下組織會引起嚴重的血管過度收縮，導致局部組織缺血、缺氧與壞死。護理師照護時必須優先選擇中心靜脈導管（CVC）給藥，並定時評估輸注部位是否有發紅、腫脹、發涼或疼痛等滲漏徵兆。
The nurse should monitor for extravasation because vasopressors are vesicants that cause intense vasoconstriction and tissue necrosis if they leak into surrounding subcutaneous tissues. Unlike simple infiltration, extravasation of these potent medications requires immediate intervention to prevent severe local tissue damage and ischemia.