護理師準備為氣切病人進行抽痰。下列哪項行動是正確的？
The nurse is preparing to suction a client with a tracheostomy. Which action is appropriate?
- AUse clean technique during the procedure在操作期間使用清潔技術
- BSuction for at least 20 seconds at a time每次抽吸至少20秒
- CApply suction while inserting the catheter插入導管時施加抽吸力
- DPre-oxygenate the client with 100% oxygen✓ 正解以100%氧氣對病人進行預充氧
為氣切病人進行抽痰（tracheostomy suctioning）是一項常見但高風險的護理操作，主要目的是清除呼吸道分泌物，維持呼吸道通暢，預防肺部併發症。然而，抽痰過程可能導致病人出現低氧血症（hypoxemia）、心律不整、黏膜損傷或感染等風險。因此，護理師必須嚴格遵守無菌技術（sterile technique）和正確的操作步驟，特別是確保抽痰前的充分預氧合（pre-oxygenation）和限制抽痰時間，以將對病人的潛在危害降至最低，保障呼吸安全。
When suctioning a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse must pre-oxygenate with 100% oxygen to prevent suction-induced hypoxemia. This procedure requires strict sterile technique to prevent infection, and suctioning should be limited to 10-15 seconds per pass to avoid tissue damage and hypoxia. Suction is applied only during catheter withdrawal, not insertion.
氣切抽痰的臨床實踐指南在台灣和美國是高度一致的。兩地都強調無菌技術、抽痰前的預氧合、以及限制抽痰時間以預防併發症。護理師的執業範圍和操作標準在這一方面並無顯著差異，皆以病人呼吸安全為最高指導原則。