— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被診斷為急性胰臟炎。護理師為了維持其生理穩定,最優先的護理措施為何?
A client is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority for maintaining physiological stability?
- AMonitor blood glucose levels監測血糖水平
- BMaintain NPO status✓ 正解維持 NPO 狀態
- CAdminister IV analgesics給予靜脈注射止痛藥
- DAssess bowel sounds every 4 hours每 4 小時評估腸音
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎的核心治療目標是讓胰臟休息(Pancreatic rest),以減少胰臟酵素的分泌,防止自身消化與發炎加劇。禁食(NPO)是達成此目標的首要手段。在生理穩定方面,止痛(Analgesics)雖然能改善病人的舒適度與生命徵象,但若不先控制胰液分泌,發炎反應將持續,因此禁食是維持生理穩定的基礎。
Maintaining NPO status is the highest priority to ensure pancreatic rest and prevent further stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion, which exacerbates inflammation. Although pain management and glucose monitoring are important, stopping enzymatic activity is essential for physiological stability.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床,急性胰臟炎病人除禁食外,若腸道功能允許,近年臨床指引傾向儘早恢復腸內營養(Enteral nutrition),而非傳統長期的完全禁食,這與部分台灣醫院仍採取長期禁食的做法不同。