— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後病人，下列哪項護理措施對降低深層靜脈栓塞風險最優先？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which intervention is the priority to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis?
- APerform passive range of motion exercises執行被動關節活動度運動
- BEncourage early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁的下床活動
- CAdminister prophylactic anticoagulants給予預防性抗凝血劑
- DApply sequential compression devices應用序貫性加壓裝置
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
髖關節置換術後病人因手術創傷、血管內皮受損及術後臥床，屬於深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）的高風險群。血液鬱滯（Stasis）是 Virchow's triad（維爾科夫三要素）中導致血栓形成的核心因素之一。早期下床活動（Early ambulation）能有效透過肌肉幫浦作用（Muscle pump）促進下肢靜脈回流，是預防 DVT 最有效且經濟的護理措施。
Early and frequent ambulation is the priority intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis because it utilizes the muscle pump to promote venous return and reduce blood stasis. Although anticoagulants and compression devices are used, mobilization is the most effective non-pharmacologic measure to address venous stasis.