病人獲醫囑開立 Phenelzine (單胺氧化酶抑制劑)。護理師應指導病人避免食用哪種食物？
A client is prescribed phenelzine (an MAOI). Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- AAged cheese✓ 正解陳年乳酪
- BSteamed chicken蒸雞
- CFresh apples新鮮蘋果
- DWhite rice白米飯
Phenelzine 屬於單胺氧化酶抑制劑（MAOI），此類藥物會抑制負責分解酪胺（Tyramine）的酵素。若攝取含高量酪胺的食物，會導致體內兒茶酚胺大量釋放，引發致命的高血壓危象（Hypertensive Crisis）。護理師在衛教時，必須提供一份「低酪胺飲食清單」，強調避免陳年、醃製、發酵或煙燻類食品。臨床思路應優先考量藥物與飲食交互作用帶來的急性安全性風險。
Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); these drugs inhibit the enzyme that metabolizes tyramine. Ingesting high-tyramine foods causes massive catecholamine release and can precipitate a life-threatening hypertensive crisis. The nurse must teach a low-tyramine diet, emphasizing avoidance of aged, cured, fermented, or smoked foods. The clinical priority is preventing acute safety risks from drug-food interactions.
台美臨床對於 MAOI 的飲食衛教原則一致，但在美國臨床，護理師常需提供病人詳細的「Avoid List」小卡，因為美國飲食文化中陳年乳酪與熟成肉品（Charcuterie）極為普遍，風險暴露率較高。