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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位憂鬱症病人被處方 Phenelzine。下列哪種食物選擇表示病人理解必要的飲食限制?

A client is prescribed phenelzine for depression. Which food choices would indicate the client understands the necessary dietary restrictions?

  • ASmoked salmon and cream cheese on a bagel
    貝果配煙燻鮭魚和奶油乳酪
  • BA platter of aged cheddar and salami
    陳年切達起司和薩拉米香腸拼盤
  • CGrilled chicken breast and steamed broccoli✓ 正解
    烤雞胸肉和清蒸花椰菜
  • DPepperoni pizza and a glass of red wine
    辣味臘腸披薩和一杯紅酒
Explanation · 中文詳解

Phenelzine 是一種單胺氧化酶抑制劑(MAOI)。服用此類藥物的病人必須嚴格遵守「低酪胺酸(Low Tyramine)」飲食。酪胺酸會導致兒茶酚胺釋放,在 MAO 被抑制的情況下,會引發嚴重的高血壓危機(Hypertensive Crisis)。A(紅酒、臘腸)、A(燻魚)、B(熟成起司、薩拉米)皆富含酪胺酸(通常是發酵、醃漬、陳年的食物)。C 選項(烤雞胸與青花菜)是新鮮、未發酵的食材,不含高濃度酪胺酸,是安全且正確的選擇。護理教育應強調「新鮮」是關鍵,避免所有發酵品。

Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that requires a low-tyramine diet to prevent hypertensive crisis. Fresh, unfermented foods like grilled chicken and steamed broccoli are safe choices, whereas aged cheeses, cured meats, and red wine contain high levels of tyramine.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 題目中 MAOI 的飲食限制是經典必考題;台灣臨床上因 MAOI 已非第一線抗憂鬱藥,護理師可能較不熟悉,但面對國考仍需精確掌握發酵類食物清單。

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