護理師照護一位患有大面積傷口且需頻繁換藥的病人。護理師應優先建議哪些營養攝取以促進癒合？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a large wound that requires frequent dressing changes. Which nutritional recommendations should the nurse prioritize to promote healing? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of Vitamin C through citrus fruits.✓ 正解透過柑橘類水果增加維生素C攝取
- BEnsure adequate caloric intake from carbohydrates and fats.✓ 正解確保從碳水化合物和脂肪獲得充足的熱量攝取
- CSupplement with high-quality protein such as chicken or fish.✓ 正解補充高品質蛋白質，如雞肉或魚類
- DLimit fluid intake to prevent edema at the wound site.限制液體攝取以防止傷口部位水腫
- EIncrease Zinc intake through nuts or whole grains.✓ 正解透過堅果或全穀物增加鋅攝取
傷口癒合是一個高代謝過程。蛋白質（C）是膠原蛋白合成與組織修復的基礎原料。維生素 C（A）對膠原蛋白交聯與免疫功能至關重要。鋅（E）則是細胞分裂與蛋白質合成的輔酶。能量（B）不可或缺，若熱量不足，身體會燃燒蛋白質供能，反而延緩癒合（Protein-sparing effect）。水分限制（D）是錯誤的，除非有心衰竭等禁忌，否則充足的水分能維持組織灌流，帶走代謝廢物並運送營養。護理師應協調營養師進行專業評估，確保病人處於正氮平衡狀態，這是傷口護理中常被忽視但極其重要的『內在因素』。
Promoting wound healing requires adequate nutrition, including high-quality protein for tissue repair, vitamin C for collagen synthesis, and zinc for cell proliferation. Sufficient caloric intake is also essential to spare protein for healing rather than energy use, while maintaining hydration supports tissue perfusion and nutrient delivery.
美國護理高度重視傷口照護的團隊合作（Wound Care Team），且營養評估（如預白蛋白 Prealbumin 監測）是標準流程；台灣臨床護理師在傷口處理上非常專業，但有時會過於專注於外用敷料（Dressing），而相對較少主動介入病人的全身性營養調整。