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生理適應 · EASY · MCQ

一位糖尿病病人出現皮膚濕冷及意識模糊,護理師的首要護理措施為何?

A client with diabetes mellitus is found to have cold, clammy skin and confusion. What is the priority nursing intervention?

  • ADocument the neurological findings
    記錄神經學發現
  • BCall the physician
    通知醫師
  • CCheck capillary blood glucose✓ 正解
    檢測毛細血管血糖
  • DAdminister subcutaneous insulin
    給予皮下注射胰島素
Explanation · 中文詳解

低血糖(Hypoglycemia)是糖尿病病人常見的緊急狀況,臨床表現包括交感神經興奮(濕冷、震顫)及中樞神經功能受損(意識模糊)。面對意識改變的病人,護理師應遵循「評估先於介入」的原則,首先透過毛細血管血糖(Capillary blood glucose)確認數值,以區分是低血糖還是其他併發症(如酮酸中毒)。確認後方可採取後續處置,如給予快速吸收的糖分。若未經確認即給藥,可能延誤治療或造成醫源性傷害。

The client's symptoms suggest hypoglycemia, a medical emergency requiring immediate assessment before intervention. Following the nursing process, the priority is to check capillary blood glucose to confirm the diagnosis, as administering insulin could be fatal while documentation or calling the physician delays critical treatment.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國臨床護理中,低血糖處置通常有標準的護理師授權執行程序(Standing orders),護理師無需醫師下單即可直接驗血糖並依據數值給予口服或靜脈注射葡萄糖,這體現了美國護理師較高的自主執行權限。

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