— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · SATA —
病人因長期臥床有便秘風險。護理師應實施哪些干預措施？（選所有適合的）
A client is at risk for developing constipation due to prolonged immobility. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease daily fluid intake to 2,000 - 3,000 mL, if not contraindicated.✓ 正解若無禁忌症，每日增加液體攝取量至 2,000 - 3,000 mL
- BEncourage a low-fiber diet to reduce stool bulk.鼓勵低纖維飲食以減少糞便量
- CPromote regular physical activity and range-of-motion exercises.✓ 正解促進規律身體活動與關節活動範圍運動
- DEstablish a consistent routine for bowel movements.✓ 正解建立一致的排便常規
- EProvide a high-fiber diet including fruits and whole grains.✓ 正解提供包含水果和全穀物的高纖維飲食
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防便秘的四大支柱：水分、纖維、活動與規律習慣。每日飲水 2-3 公升可軟化糞便；高纖飲食（全穀類、蔬果）增加糞便體積以刺激蠕動；即使是床上活動（ROM）也能促進腸道蠕動；建立定時排便習慣（如餐後）可訓練胃結腸反射。B 錯誤：低纖飲食反而會加重便秘。
Interventions to prevent constipation include increasing fluid intake to 2,000–3,000 mL daily to soften stool, promoting a high-fiber diet to add bulk and stimulate peristalsis, and encouraging regular physical activity or range-of-motion exercises. Establishing a consistent routine for bowel movements also helps utilize the gastrocolic reflex, whereas a low-fiber diet would worsen constipation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常用「Whole grains」和「Prune juice」作為首選衛教；台灣則常建議多吃香蕉或使用腹部按摩。