— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
照護慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人，病人選擇下列哪種飲食顯示理解飲食限制？
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which diet choice indicates understanding of necessary modifications?
- AWhole wheat bread with peanut butter全麥麵包搭配花生醬
- BA cup of yogurt一杯優格
- CA banana一根香蕉
- DApple slices✓ 正解蘋果片
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎絲球過濾率下降，無法有效排除代謝廢物，常需限制攝取高鉀、高磷與高鈉食物。鉀離子蓄積會導致心律不整，磷離子過高會導致鈣磷失衡與骨質問題。蘋果屬於低鉀水果，是較安全的選擇；反之，香蕉（高鉀）、乳製品（高磷）與花生醬（高磷、高鹽）均應避免。飲食衛教應強調閱讀營養標示，以確保病人理解限制的必要性。
Clients with chronic kidney disease require a diet low in potassium and phosphorus to prevent electrolyte imbalances and cardiac complications. Apples are a safe, low-potassium fruit choice, whereas bananas are high in potassium and dairy products like yogurt are high in phosphorus.