— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師為一位剛喪偶的個案進行精神狀態評估，哪項敘述顯示正常的哀傷反應？
A nurse is conducting a mental status assessment for a client who has recently been widowed. Which statement by the client should the nurse interpret as a normal grief reaction?
- AI am so angry that I have stopped bathing and caring for my home我非常憤怒，以致於不再洗澡和整理家務
- BI am unable to eat or sleep for more than 4 hours a night for 6 months我已經六個多月每晚無法進食或睡眠超過4小時
- CI feel like my life has no value and I should just end it all我覺得我的生活毫無價值，我應該就此結束一切
- DSometimes I hear my spouse calling my name in the kitchen✓ 正解有時我會聽到配偶在廚房叫我的名字
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
正常的哀傷反應（Grief）可能包含短暫的幻覺、對逝者的思念及情緒波動。聽到已故配偶呼喚屬於正常的悲傷過程，這通常是心理防衛機制的一種。其餘選項皆涉及自殺傾向、長期生理功能受損或社交退縮，這些可能是複雜性哀傷或重度憂鬱的警訊。
Hearing the voice of a deceased loved one is a common, transient phenomenon in acute bereavement and does not necessarily indicate psychosis. In contrast, neglect of self-care, prolonged functional impairment, and suicidal ideation are red flags for pathological depression or complicated grief requiring intervention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣文化對於喪葬習俗較為強調，護理師需區分文化表達與病態憂鬱。