— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導第一型糖尿病患者生病時的管理原則。應包含哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus about sick day management. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinue taking insulin as prescribed✓ 正解繼續按處方施打胰島素
- BTest blood glucose levels every 3 to 4 hours✓ 正解每 3 至 4 小時測試血糖
- CCheck urine for ketones if blood glucose is > 240 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖 > 240 mg/dL，檢查尿液中的酮體
- DReduce fluid intake to prevent nausea減少液體攝取以預防噁心
- EEat large meals to maintain energy levels進食大量餐點以維持體力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
生病時身體處於壓力狀態，血糖會升高。患者應保持胰島素劑量（避免酮酸中毒）、頻繁監測血糖（每 3-4 小時），若血糖持續 >240 mg/dL 需篩檢尿酮。限水與吃大餐皆不適當，應採取少量多餐並補充水分以預防脫水。
During illness, clients with Type 1 Diabetes must continue their prescribed insulin regimen to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis and monitor blood glucose frequently. Urine ketones should be checked if blood glucose exceeds 240 mg/dL to detect early signs of metabolic decompensation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國衛教強調病患自行調整胰島素彈性，台灣衛教則較為保守，多要求病患直接與醫療團隊聯繫確認。