護理師正照顧一位處於急性躁狂期的第一型雙極性障礙病人。護理計畫應包含哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with Bipolar I Disorder in an acute manic phase. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-calorie finger foods✓ 正解提供高熱量手指食物
- BEncourage the client to join a group volleyball game鼓勵病人參加團體排球比賽
- CSet firm limits on intrusive behavior✓ 正解對侵入性行為設定明確界限
- DMaintain a low-stimulation environment✓ 正解維持低刺激環境
- EAssign the client to a private room if possible✓ 正解若可能,為病人安排單人病房
急性躁狂期的護理重點在於安全、生理需求滿足與行為控制。核心概念是躁狂病人因精力過剩與注意力分散,無法安坐用餐,故提供「高熱量手拿食物(finger foods)」是維持體力的關鍵。為什麼正確答案對?因為減少環境刺激(D、E)能降低神經系統的過度負荷。設定行為界限(C)是為了保護其他病人的隱私與安全,因為躁狂者常有侵入性行為。臨床思路上,首要任務是降低能量消耗並確保安全,避免競爭性或高強度群體活動。安全優先原則指出,過度刺激的環境會惡化病情,甚至導致暴力行為發生。
Nursing care for acute mania includes providing high-calorie finger foods to meet nutritional needs despite restlessness. Interventions should focus on safety by maintaining a low-stimulation environment, assigning a private room, and setting firm limits on intrusive behaviors. Competitive group activities should be avoided as they are overstimulating.
在美國,單人房(Private room)常被視為治療躁狂的標準配置以降低刺激;在台灣,由於健保病房多為多人房,護理師常需利用屏風或調整床位來儘量減少刺激,或將病人安置在離護理站較近但相對安靜的角落。