— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
當護理師準備無菌區時，下列哪項發現顯示違反了無菌技術？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following findings observed by the nurse indicates a breach in sterile technique while preparing a sterile field? (Select all that apply.)
- AThe nurse places a sterile drape on a wet surface✓ 正解護理師將無單巾鋪在潮濕表面上
- BThe nurse reaches across the sterile field to open a supply✓ 正解護理師跨越無菌區去打開供應品
- CThe nurse keeps the sterile field at waist level護理師將無菌區保持在腰部水平
- DThe nurse adds a sterile item by dropping it from 10 inches above護理師將無菌物品從 10 吋上方丟落加入
- EThe nurse turns their back on the sterile field to check a chart✓ 正解護理師背對無菌區去查看病歷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
維持無菌原則的關鍵在於視野與接觸範圍的掌握。濕氣會導致滲透（strike-through），污染無菌布；跨過無菌區會造成空氣中的微生物落入；背對無菌區則無法確保該區未被污染，三者均為嚴重違反無菌操作的行為。
Placing a sterile drape on a wet surface allows moisture to wick bacteria into the sterile field via strike-through. Reaching across the field contaminates it with particles from clothing, and turning your back loses visual supervision of the sterile area.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國在護理養成中對無菌技術的教學標準一致，醫院品質稽核指標均包含這些項目。