— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師向服用華法林（Warfarin）的病人進行衛教，下列何者顯示病人已正確理解內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing education to a patient receiving warfarin therapy. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding gums✓ 正解我會使用軟毛牙刷以防止牙齦出血
- BI should eat a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables✓ 正解我應該攝取固定量的深綠色葉菜
- CI will call the doctor if I notice black, tarry stools✓ 正解如果我注意到黑色柏油樣糞便，我會打電話給醫師
- DI can take aspirin whenever I have a mild headache當我有輕微頭痛時，我可以服用阿斯匹靈
- EI should avoid using a straight razor for shaving✓ 正解我應該避免使用直刃刮鬍刀刮鬍
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 作用於維生素 K 依賴性凝血因子。維持飲食中維生素 K 攝取的一致性非常重要，以免影響 INR 穩定性。出血風險（如牙齦、解黑便）需提高警覺。阿斯匹靈具抗血小板作用，會增加出血風險，不能隨意服用。
Warfarin affects vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so maintaining a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods is essential to stabilize INR levels. Patients should monitor for signs of bleeding, such as gum bleeding or black, tarry stools, and report them immediately. Aspirin should be avoided due to its antiplatelet effects, which significantly increase bleeding risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人常合併使用中藥，需特別提醒不可併服活血補品。