護理師正在對一位 18 個月大的幼兒進行發育評估。下列哪項發現應回報給醫療提供者，視為潛在的發育遲緩？
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on an 18-month-old toddler. Which finding should be reported to the healthcare provider as a potential delay?
- AThe child cannot hop on one foot.兒童無法單腳跳
- BThe child experiences 'stranger anxiety'.兒童出現「對陌生人焦慮」
- CThe child does not say any recognizable words.✓ 正解兒童不會說任何可辨識的字詞
- DThe child uses a spoon to feed themselves with some spilling.兒童使用湯匙自行進食，雖有些許灑落
18 個月大是語言發展的關鍵里程碑。正常情況下，此年齡的幼兒應能說出 10-25 個單字，並能聽懂簡單的指令。若完全沒有可辨識的字詞，需警惕聽力問題或自閉症光譜障礙。選項 A (單腳跳) 是 4 歲左右的發展里程碑，18 個月大不會是正常的；選項 D (用湯匙) 是此年齡正在發展的精細動作；選項 B (陌生人焦慮) 在此年齡仍屬正常社交反應。護理師應具備識別「紅旗指標」(Red Flags) 的能力，以便早期轉介評估，這對健康促進至關重要。
By 18 months, a toddler should have a vocabulary of at least 10 to 25 recognizable words; the absence of any words is a significant red flag for language or developmental delays. Other options describe normal behaviors for this age, such as stranger anxiety and emerging fine motor skills like spoon feeding, while hopping is not expected until age four.
美國診所普及使用 ASQ-3 等量表進行篩檢；台灣則由家長填寫「兒童健康手冊」中的發展檢核表，護理師在健兒門診中負責初步核對並衛教家長如何觀察。