— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導病人術後預防深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）的方法，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after surgery. Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage early ambulation as ordered✓ 正解鼓勵按指示早期下床活動
- BPerform leg exercises such as ankle pumps hourly✓ 正解每小時進行腿部運動，如踝關節屈伸
- CMassage the calves daily to improve circulation每日按摩小腿以改善循環
- DEnsure sequential compression devices are used correctly✓ 正解確保正確使用間歇性加壓裝置
- EMaintain adequate hydration as prescribed✓ 正解按指示維持充足的水分攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防DVT的核心在於促進靜脈回流及維持血液流動性。早期下床活動與踝關節運動可利用肌肉幫浦作用。壓縮裝置（SCD）能機械性擠壓血液。水分攝取防止血液濃縮。切忌按摩小腿，因若已形成栓子，按摩可能導致栓子脫落引發肺栓塞。
Preventing DVT involves promoting venous return through early ambulation, hourly ankle exercises, correct use of sequential compression devices, and maintaining adequate hydration. Massaging the calves is contraindicated as it may dislodge an existing thrombus and cause a pulmonary embolism.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常直接參與 SCD 的佩戴規範，台灣護理師在執行上通常需強調病人不要自行拆除。