一位因強迫症(OCD)入院的病人,持續洗手數小時。何者為最具治療性的初步介入方式?
A client is admitted to the psychiatric unit due to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The client washes their hands for hours. What is the most therapeutic initial approach?
- AExplain the irrationality of the hand-washing behavior解釋洗手行為的非理性
- BRestrict the client to their room to avoid triggers限制個案在房間內以避免觸發因素
- CAllow time for the ritual while gradually structuring the day✓ 正解允許儀式行為的時間,同時逐步結構化每日行程
- DImmediately stop the washing to prevent skin breakdown立即停止洗手以防止皮膚破損
核心概念:強迫症(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD)病人的初期護理介入。 為什麼正確答案 C 對:對於 OCD 病人,強迫行為(compulsions)是一種緩解焦慮的儀式(ritual)。在初期接觸階段,強制中斷這些行為會引發病人極度的焦慮、恐懼甚至敵意,不利於建立信任關係。因此,最治療性的初步做法是允許病人進行其儀式行為,但同時開始逐步引導,例如在時間上給予限制,或開始設計其他能轉移其注意力的活動。目標是在不引發過度焦慮的前提下,循序漸進地減少強迫行為的頻率與持續時間。 為什麼其他選項錯: A. 立即停止洗手行為(stopping the washing)會引發病人強烈焦慮,不利於治療關係的建立。這屬於較後期的介入策略,需在建立信任後進行。 C. 告知病人其行為「不合理」(irrational)或「非理性」,雖然在認知行為療法(CBT)中是重要環節,但在初期接觸時,病人可能難以接受,甚至產生防禦心理。應先建立關係與信任。 D. 將病人限制在房間內(restricting the client to their room)可能減少接觸引發焦慮的「觸發物」(triggers),但也可能加劇其孤立感,且並非根本解決問題的方法。同時,這也可能限制了護理師與病人互動、建立關係的機會。 臨床思路:此題考量的是「治療關係的建立」與「循序漸進的介入」。對於 OCD 病人,初期護理的首要目標是建立信任,並在不引起過度痛苦的前提下,開始引導病人面對其焦慮與強迫行為。
In the initial phase of caring for a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is therapeutic to allow time for rituals while gradually structuring the day to provide safety and reduce anxiety. Forcing immediate cessation of compulsive behaviors can trigger extreme distress and damage the therapeutic relationship. Instead, nurses should establish trust and slowly introduce limits or alternative activities to decrease the frequency and duration of rituals over time.