— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
哪種評估結果顯示一位有跌倒病史的病人需要立即採取預防跌倒措施?
Which assessment finding in a client with a history of falls requires the nurse to implement fall precautions immediately?
- AClient is 65 years old病人年滿 65 歲
- BClient wears corrective eyeglasses病人配戴矯正眼鏡
- CClient has a history of mild hypertension病人有輕度高血壓病史
- DClient reports taking a new antihypertensive medication today✓ 正解病人報告今天服用了一種新的降血壓藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒預防的核心在於識別「急性」生理變化。雖然年齡、慢性病與視力問題皆為長期危險因子,但服用新降血壓藥物會導致血管擴張,增加「姿勢性低血壓(Orthostatic Hypotension)」的急性風險,這屬於護理臨床上需立即介入的關鍵變化。護理師應針對此類病人進行衛教,指導其變換姿勢時採取漸進式動作,並評估用藥後的反應,以確保病人安全。
A new antihypertensive medication poses an immediate fall risk due to the potential for orthostatic hypotension, which causes sudden drops in blood pressure upon standing. Unlike chronic conditions or age, this acute physiological change requires immediate implementation of fall precautions and client education on slow position changes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床非常重視「Fall Precautions」的執行,通常包含床鈴呼叫器(Call light)觸手可及、防滑襪(Non-skid socks)與床邊警示系統。台灣臨床常將重點放在約束或家屬陪伴,而美國更強調病人自主下的環境安全評估。