一位病人正透過中心靜脈導管接受全靜脈營養(TPN)。目前的 TPN 袋已空,但藥劑科尚未送達下一袋藥液。護理師應先掛上哪種溶液?
A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter. The TPN bag is empty, and the next bag is not yet available from the pharmacy. Which solution should the nurse hang?
- A0.9% Sodium Chloride0.9% 氯化鈉
- B5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's含乳酸林格氏液的 5% 葡萄糖
- C0.45% Sodium Chloride0.45% 氯化鈉
- D10% Dextrose in water✓ 正解10% 葡萄糖水溶液
TPN 含有高濃度的葡萄糖(通常為 15-25%),這會刺激胰腺持續分泌胰島素。若 TPN 突然中斷且未提供葡萄糖來源,病人極易發生反彈性低血糖(Rebound Hypoglycemia)。核心安全原則:在 TPN 銜接空檔,必須給予高濃度葡萄糖液以維持血糖平穩。10% Dextrose in water (D10W) 是最接近 TPN 低限糖濃度的替代方案。生理鹽水(A/C)不含糖,無法預防低血糖。LR(B)雖然含糖但濃度太低(5%),不足以對抗因 TPN 引起的高胰島素狀態。臨床思路在於預防性介入,確保病人在高危險期間不發生代謝併發症。
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contains high glucose concentrations that stimulate insulin secretion, so abrupt discontinuation can cause rebound hypoglycemia. To prevent this metabolic complication while awaiting a new bag, the nurse should hang 10% dextrose in water (D10W). D10W provides sufficient glucose to maintain blood sugar levels, whereas normal saline or lower-concentration dextrose solutions are inadequate.
美國 NCLEX 考試標準答案固定為 D10W;在台灣,部分醫院可能使用 D5W 或 D10W,且需視病人是否有糖尿病史而由醫師開立臨時醫囑,護理師較少自主更換替代液。