— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導剛開始服用 Warfarin 的病人。哪些敘述顯示病人需要進一步衛教？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client who is starting on warfarin. Which statements by the client indicate a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will increase my intake of leafy green vegetables✓ 正解我會增加葉菜類蔬菜的攝取
- BI will use a soft-bristled toothbrush我會使用軟毛牙刷
- CI should report any black or tarry stools我應該報告任何黑色或瀝青樣糞便
- DI can take aspirin for a headache✓ 正解我可以服用阿斯匹靈來緩解頭痛
- EI will avoid contact sports我會避免接觸性運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 是一種維生素 K 拮抗劑，透過抑制凝血因子合成發揮作用。病人需維持維生素 K 攝取的一致性，不可大幅增加綠色蔬菜攝取。此外，阿斯匹靈（Aspirin）具有抗血小板作用，與 Warfarin 合併使用會顯著增加出血風險。護理師需教導病人監測出血跡象（如黑便、牙齦出血），並告知不可隨意服用非處方藥物（OTC drugs）。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, so patients should maintain consistent vitamin K intake rather than significantly increasing consumption of leafy greens, which can reduce the drug's effectiveness. Additionally, aspirin should be avoided because its antiplatelet properties combined with warfarin significantly increase the risk of bleeding.