— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師正在諮詢一位病人有關癌症預防。下列何種生活方式因素與多種癌症風險增加的關聯性最強？
A nurse is counseling a client about cancer prevention. Which lifestyle factor is most strongly linked to an increased risk of various cancers?
- ASmoking✓ 正解吸菸
- BLack of physical activity缺乏身體活動
- CHigh consumption of processed foods高攝取加工食品
- DExcessive sun exposure過度日曬
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
癌症預防的重點在於減少可改變的風險因子。吸菸（Smoking）已被證實與多種癌症，特別是肺癌、喉癌、口腔癌、食道癌及膀胱癌等有直接且強烈的因果關係。吸菸產生的致癌物質會損傷細胞 DNA，導致細胞突變。相較於其他選項，吸菸對全球公共衛生的影響最大，且是癌症發生率統計中最顯著的風險因子。護理師在進行癌症預防諮詢時，應優先評估病人的吸菸史並提供戒菸支持，這是最具成本效益的癌症預防策略。
Smoking is the most significant modifiable risk factor for cancer, strongly linked to lung, laryngeal, oral, esophageal, and bladder cancers through direct DNA damage and cellular mutation. While other lifestyle factors contribute to cancer risk, smoking has the broadest impact on public health and is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths.